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Install updates. You may be prompted by UAC to continue, and you may be asked to input the administrator password. It may take a few minutes for the language pack to download. Return to the Control Panel and select "Region and Language". Select the Keyboards and Language tab. Select the language you just installed from the "Choose a display language" drop-down menu. All of your installed languages will be listed here. Apply and then Log off now to log out.
Your changes will be applied when you log back into Windows. Change your system locale if the language is not displaying in some programs. Some programs may not display your new language until you change your system locale settings to match that region. Open the Control Panel and select "Region and Language".
Click the Administrative tab and click Change system locale. Select the language you've just installed and click OK. You'll be prompted to restart your computer. Method 2. Traditional language packs translate the majority of the UI elements, and are only available to Ultimate and Enterprise users see the above section. For everyone else, there are LIPs. These are smaller packs that translate the most-used parts of the interface.
They require a base-language installed, since not everything is translated. Visit the LIP download page. You can browse through all of the available LIPs here. Check the requirements. The third column of the table will let you know what base language the LIP requires, as well as what versions of Windows it works with. Click the "Get it now" link. This will open the page for the language you've selected. The page will be displayed in that language. Click the "Download" button. This will open a new window displaying the language files.
Select the appropriate file for your computer. You will have the option to choose between a bit or a bit file. You can find the version that you have by opening the Start menu, right-clicking "Computer", and selecting "Properties". Look for the "System type" entry. Check the box for the file and then click the "Download" button. The LIP file will be downloaded to your Downloads folder.
Double-click the downloaded file. This will open the language installer with your new language automatically selected. Click Next to start the installation. You'll be asked to read and accept the Microsoft terms before the language is installed. Review the ReadMe file. The ReadMe file for the language you select will be displayed before it is installed. You usually don't need to review this, but it may contain information about known issues or compatibility problems.
Wait for the language to install. This may take a few moments. Select and apply your new language. After the installation is complete, you'll see a list of all of your installed languages.
Select your newly-installed language and click Change display language. Aero Shake allows users to clear up any clutter on their screen by shaking dragging back and forth a window of their choice with the mouse.
All other windows will minimize, while the window the user shook stays active on the screen. A variety of new keyboard shortcuts have been introduced. The user interface for font management has been overhauled in Windows 7. As with Windows Vista, the collection of installed fonts is displayed in a Windows Explorer window, but fonts that originate from the same font family appear as icons that are represented as stacks that display font previews within the interface.
Windows 7 also introduces the option to hide installed fonts; certain fonts are automatically removed from view based on a user's regional settings. Hidden fonts remain installed but are not enumerated when an application asks for a list of available fonts, thus reducing the amount of fonts to scroll through within the interface and also reducing memory usage.
The dialog box for fonts in Windows 7 has also been updated to display font previews within the interface, which allows users to preview fonts before selecting them. Previous versions of windows only displayed the name of the font. The ClearType Text Tuner which was previously available as a Microsoft Powertoy for earlier Windows versions has been integrated into, and updated for Windows 7. Microsoft would later backport Windows 8 Emoji features to Windows 7.
There are two major new user interface components for device management in Windows 7, "Devices and Printers" and "Device Stage". Both of these are integrated with Windows Explorer, and together provide a simplified view of what devices are connected to the computer, and what capabilities they support.
Devices and Printers is a new Control Panel interface that is directly accessible from the Start menu. Unlike the Device Manager Control Panel applet, which is still present, the icons shown on the Devices and Printers screen are limited to components of the system that a non-expert user will recognize as plug-in devices.
For example, an external monitor connected to the system will be displayed as a device, but the internal monitor on a laptop will not. Device-specific features are available through the context menu for each device; an external monitor's context menu, for example, provides a link to the "Display Settings" control panel. This new Control Panel applet also replaces the "Printers" window in prior versions of Windows; common printer operations such as setting the default printer, installing or removing printers, and configuring properties such as paper size are done through this control panel.
Windows 7 and Server R2 introduce print driver isolation, which improves the reliability of the print spooler by running printer drivers in a separate process to the spooler service. If a third party print driver fails while isolated, it does not impact other drivers or the print spooler service. Device Stage provides a centralized location for an externally connected multi-function device to present its functionality to the user. When a device such as a portable music player is connected to the system, the device appears as an icon on the task bar, as well as in Windows Explorer.
Windows 7 ships with high-resolution images of a number of popular devices, and is capable of connecting to the Internet to download images of devices it doesn't recognize. Opening the icon presents a window that displays actions relevant to that device. Screenshots of the technology presented by Microsoft suggest that a mobile phone could offer options for two-way synchronization, configuring ring-tones, copying pictures and videos, managing the device in Windows Media Player , and using Windows Explorer to navigate through the device.
The actual per-device functionality is defined via XML files that are downloaded when the device is first connected to the computer, or are provided by the manufacturer on an installation disc.
Hilton Locke, who worked on the Tablet PC team at Microsoft, reported on December 11, that Windows 7 will have new touch features on devices supporting multi-touch. An overview and demonstration of the multi-touch capabilities, including a virtual piano program, a mapping and directions program and a touch-aware version of Microsoft Paint , was given at the All Things Digital Conference on May 27, ; a video of the multi-touch capabilities was made available on the web later the same day.
Windows 7 introduces native support for sensors, including accelerometer sensors, ambient light sensors, and location-based sensors; [48] the operating system also provides a unified driver model for sensor devices. Because data acquired by some sensors can be considered personally identifiable information , all sensors are disabled by default in Windows 7, and an account in Windows 7 requires administrative permissions to enable a sensor.
Sensors also require user consent to share location data. Unlike previous versions of Windows, Windows 7 is able to report when a laptop battery is in need of a replacement. The operating system works with design capabilities present in modern laptop batteries to report this information.
The powercfg command enables the customization of the hibernation file size. The operating system also compresses the contents of memory during the hibernate process to minimize the possibility that the contents exceeds the default size of the hibernation file.
With a video driver conforming to Windows Display Driver Model v1. This allows DWM to use significantly lower amounts of system memory, which do not grow regardless of how many windows are opened, like it was in Windows Vista.
The Desktop Window Manager in Windows 7 also adds support for systems using multiple heterogeneous graphics cards from different vendors. Each user of Windows 7 and Server R2 has individual DPI settings, rather than the machine having a single setting as in previous versions of Windows.
DPI settings can be changed by logging on and off, without needing to restart. Over time, several technologies have been incorporated into subsequent versions of Windows to improve the performance of the operating system on traditional hard disk drives HDD with rotating platters. Since Solid state drives SSD differ from mechanical HDDs in some key areas no moving parts, write amplification , limited number of erase cycles allowed for reliable operation , it is beneficial to disable certain optimizations and add others, specifically for SSDs.
Windows 7 incorporates many engineering changes to reduce the frequency of writes and flushes, which benefit SSDs in particular since each write operation wears the flash memory. Windows 7 also makes use of the TRIM command. If supported by the SSD not implemented on early devices , this optimizes when erase cycles are performed, reducing the need to erase blocks before each write and increasing write performance. Several tools and techniques that were implemented in the past to reduce the impact of the rotational latency of traditional HDDs, most notably disk defragmentation , SuperFetch , ReadyBoost , and application launch prefetching , involve reorganizing rewriting the data on the platters.
Since SSDs have no moving platters, this reorganization has no advantages, and may instead shorten the life of the solid state memory. Finally, partitions made with Windows 7's partition-creating tools are created with the SSD's alignment needs in mind, avoiding unwanted systematic write amplification. By default, a computer's disk is partitioned into two partitions : one of limited size for booting , BitLocker and running the Windows Recovery Environment and the second with the operating system and user files.
Windows 7 has also seen improvements to the Safely Remove Hardware menu, including the ability to eject just one camera card at the same time from a single hub and retain the ports for future use without reboot; and the labels of removable media are now also listed, rather than just the drive letter.
BitLocker brings encryption support to removable disks such as USB drives. Such devices can be protected by a passphrase, a recovery key, or be automatically unlocked on a computer.
The more lengthy boot times on the remainder of the machines are mainly due to some services or programs that are loaded but are not required when the system is first started.
Microsoft's Mike Fortin, a distinguished engineer on the Windows team, noted in August that Microsoft has set aside a team to work solely on the issue, and that team aims to "significantly increase the number of systems that experience very good boot times". They "focused very hard on increasing parallelism of driver initialization".
Also, Microsoft aims to "dramatically reduce" the number of system services, along with their demands on processors, storage, and memory.
The bit versions of Windows 7 and Server R2 introduce a user-mode scheduling framework. While for most applications this is sufficient, applications with large concurrent threading requirements, such as a database server , can benefit from having a thread scheduler in-process. This is because the kernel no longer needs to be involved in context switches between threads, and it obviates the need for a thread pool mechanism, as threads can be created and destroyed much more quickly when no kernel context switches are required.
Prior to Windows 7, Windows used a one-to-one user thread to kernel-thread relationship. With Windows 7's user-mode scheduling, a program may configure one or more kernel threads as a scheduler supplied by a programming language library one per logical processor desired and then create a user-mode thread pool from which these UMS can draw.
The kernel maintains a list of outstanding system calls which allows the UMS to continue running without blocking the kernel thread. This configuration can be used as either many-to-one or many-to-many. There are several benefits to a user mode scheduler. Context switching in User Mode can be faster. UMS also introduces cooperative multitasking. Having customizable scheduler also gives more control over thread execution.
Windows Media Center in Windows 7 has retained much of the design and feel of its predecessor, but with a variety of user interface shortcuts and browsing capabilities.
Some notable enhancements in Windows 7 Media Center include a new mini guide, a new scrub bar, the option to color code the guide by show type, and internet content that is more tightly integrated with regular TV via the guide. When browsing the media library, items that don't have album art are shown in a range of foreground and background color combinations instead of using white text on a blue background.
When the left or right remote control buttons are held down to browse the library quickly, a two-letter prefix of the current album name is prominently shown as a visual aid. The Picture Library includes new slideshow capabilities, and individual pictures can be rated. Also, while browsing a media library, a new column appears at the top named "Shared.
A gadget for Windows Media Center is also included. Transcoding encoding support is not exposed through any built-in Windows application but codecs are included as Media Foundation Transforms MFTs.
For playback of various media formats, Windows 7 also introduces an H. Windows Media Player 12 uses the built-in Media Foundation codecs to play these formats by default. Action Center , formerly Windows Security Center, now encompasses both security and maintenance. A new user interface for User Account Control has been introduced, which provides the ability to select four different levels of notifications, one of these notification settings, Default , is new to Windows 7. The feature will be disabled by default.
When enabled the user will only have limited control as to which applications can track their location. Because only the Media Foundation application programming interface could interact with this environment, a media player application had to be designed to use Media Foundation. In Windows 7, this restriction is lifted. Windows 7 includes the new Windows Biometric Framework. In prior releases of Microsoft Windows, biometric hardware device manufacturers were required to provide a complete stack of software to support their device, including device drivers, software development kits, and support applications.
Microsoft noted in a white paper on the Windows Biometric Framework that the proliferation of these proprietary stacks resulted in compatibility issues, compromised the quality and reliability of the system, and made servicing and maintenance more difficult.
By incorporating the core biometric functionality into the operating system, Microsoft aims to bring biometric device support on par with other classes of devices. A new Control Panel called Biometric Device Control Panel is included which provides an interface for deleting stored biometrics information, troubleshooting, and enabling or disabling the types of logins that are allowed using biometrics.
Biometrics configuration can also be configured using Group Policy settings. Alongside the workgroup system used by previous versions, Windows 7 adds a new ad hoc home networking system known as HomeGroup. The system uses a password to join computers into the group, and allows users' libraries, along with individual files and folders, to be shared between multiple computers. Only computers running Windows 7 to Windows 10 version can create or join a HomeGroup; [] [] however, users can make files and printers shared in a HomeGroup accessible to Windows XP and Windows Vista through a separate account, dedicated to sharing HomeGroup content, that uses traditional Windows sharing.
HomeGroup as a concept is very similar to a feature slated for Windows Vista, known as Castle , which would have made it possible to have an identification service for all members on the network, without a centralized server. HomeGroup is created in response to the need for a simple sharing model for inexperienced users who need to share files without wrestling with user accounts , Security descriptors and share permissions. Under this model, either a certain file or folder was shared with anyone who connects to the network even unauthorized parties who are in range of the wireless network or was not shared at all.
Windows 7 adds support for multiple firewall profiles. The Windows Firewall in Windows Vista dynamically changes which network traffic is allowed or blocked based on the location of the computer based on which network it is connected to. This approach falls short if the computer is connected to more than one network at the same time as for a computer with both an Ethernet and a wireless interface. In this case, Vista applies the profile that is more secure to all network connections.
This is often not desirable; Windows 7 resolves this by being able to apply a separate firewall profile to each network connection. Windows 7 contains Windows PowerShell 2. Windows 7 includes Internet Explorer 8 , []. NET Framework 3. Paint and WordPad feature a Ribbon interface similar to the one introduced in Office , with both sporting several new features. Calculator has been rewritten, with multiline capabilities including Programmer and Statistics modes, unit conversion, and date calculations.
Calculator was also given a graphical facelift, the first since Windows 95 in and Windows NT 4. DLL files. Microsoft Magnifier, an accessibility utility for low vision users has been dramatically improved. Magnifier now supports the full screen zoom feature, whereas previous Windows versions had the Magnifier attached to the top of the screen in a dock layout.
If set to 2, table names are stored as given but compared in lowercase. This option also applies to database names and table aliases. For additional details, see Section 9. On Linux and other Unix-like systems, the default is 0. On Windows the default value is 1. On macOS, the default value is 2. On Linux and other Unix-like systems , setting the value to 2 is not supported; the server forces the value to 0 instead. The setting of this variable affects the behavior of replication filtering options with regard to case sensitivity.
The default is 4MB. This value by default is small, to catch large possibly incorrect packets. You must increase this value if you are using large BLOB columns or long strings. It should be as big as the largest BLOB you want to use. The value should be a multiple of ; nonmultiples are rounded down to the nearest multiple. For example, mysql and mysqldump have defaults of 16MB and 24MB, respectively.
The session value of this variable is read only. The client can receive up to as many bytes as the session value. The global value could be less than the session value if the global value is changed after the client connects. To unblock blocked hosts, flush the host cache; see Flushing the Host Cache.
The maximum permitted number of simultaneous client connections. The maximum number of bytes of memory reserved per session for computation of normalized statement digests. Once that amount of space is used during digest computation, truncation occurs: no further tokens from a parsed statement are collected or figure into its digest value.
Statements that differ only after that many bytes of parsed tokens produce the same normalized statement digest and are considered identical if compared or if aggregated for digest statistics. The parser uses this system variable as a limit on the maximum length of normalized statement digests that it computes. For more information about statement digesting, see Section If the value is 0, timeouts are not enabled. Statements that are not read only are those that invoke a stored function that modifies data as a side effect.
By setting this value, you can catch statements where keys are not used properly and that would probably take a long time. Set it if your users tend to perform joins that lack a WHERE clause, that take a long time, or that return millions of rows. For more information, see Using Safe-Updates Mode --safe-updates.
If a query result is in the query cache, no result size check is performed, because the result has previously been computed and it does not burden the server to send it to the client. The cutoff on the size of index values that determines which filesort algorithm to use. This variable limits the total number of prepared statements in the server. It can be used in environments where there is the potential for denial-of-service attacks based on running the server out of memory by preparing huge numbers of statements.
If the value is set lower than the current number of prepared statements, existing statements are not affected and can be used, but no new statements can be prepared until the current number drops below the limit. Setting the value to 0 disables prepared statements.
Limit the assumed maximum number of seeks when looking up rows based on a key. The MySQL optimizer assumes that no more than this number of key seeks are required when searching for matching rows in a table by scanning an index, regardless of the actual cardinality of the index see Section By setting this to a low value say, , you can force MySQL to prefer indexes instead of table scans. The number of bytes to use when sorting data values.
For details, see Section 8. The number of times that any given stored procedure may be called recursively. The default value for this option is 0, which completely disables recursion in stored procedures. The maximum value is Stored procedure recursion increases the demand on thread stack space.
The maximum number of simultaneous connections permitted to any given MySQL user account. This variable has a global value that can be set at server startup or runtime.
It also has a read-only session value that indicates the effective simultaneous-connection limit that applies to the account associated with the current session.
The session value is initialized as follows:. After this many write locks, permit some pending read lock requests to be processed in between. Write lock requests have higher priority than read lock requests. The option is read-only and can only be set at startup. The mecabrc configuration file is required to initialize MeCab. For information about the MeCab full-text parser, see Section For information about options that can be specified in the MeCab mecabrc configuration file, refer to the MeCab Documentation on the Google Developers site.
The size of the metadata locks cache. The server uses this cache to avoid creation and destruction of synchronization objects. This is particularly helpful on systems where such operations are expensive, such as Windows XP. The set of metadata locks can be partitioned into separate hashes to permit connections accessing different objects to use different locking hashes and reduce contention.
Queries that examine fewer than this number of rows are not logged to the slow query log. This variable cannot be less than 2 or larger than 7.
The default value is 6. If the file size would be larger than this value, the index is created using the key cache instead, which is slower.
The value is given in bytes. If MyISAM index files exceed this size and disk space is available, increasing the value may help performance. The space must be available in the file system containing the directory where the original index file is located. If many compressed MyISAM tables are used, the value can be decreased to reduce the likelihood of memory-swapping problems. If you specify multiple values, separate them by commas. If recovery is enabled, each time mysqld opens a MyISAM table, it checks whether the table is marked as crashed or was not closed properly.
The last option works only if you are running with external locking disabled. If this is the case, mysqld runs a check on the table. If the table was corrupted, mysqld attempts to repair it.
Before the server automatically repairs a table, it writes a note about the repair to the error log. This forces a repair of a table even if some rows would be deleted, but it keeps the old data file as a backup so that you can later examine what happened. If this value is greater than 1, MyISAM table indexes are created in parallel each index in its own thread during the Repair by sorting process. The default value is 1. Multithreaded repair is beta-quality code.
The method that is used for generating table statistics influences how the optimizer chooses indexes for query execution, as described in Section 8.
Windows only. Indicates whether the server supports connections over named pipes. Some MySQL client software can open named pipe connections without any additional configuration; however, other client software may still require full access to open a named pipe connection. This variable sets the name of a Windows local group whose members are granted sufficient access by the MySQL server to use named-pipe clients.
In this case, limit the membership of the group to as few users as possible, removing users from the group when their client software is upgraded. A non-member of the group who attempts to open a connection to MySQL with the affected named-pipe client is denied access until a Windows administrator adds the user to the group. Newly added users must log out and log in again to join the group required by Windows.
The Everyone group is not secure by default. Each client thread is associated with a connection buffer and result buffer. This variable should not normally be changed, but if you have very little memory, you can set it to the expected length of statements sent by clients.
If statements exceed this length, the connection buffer is automatically enlarged. The number of seconds to wait for more data from a connection before aborting the read. If a read or write on a communication port is interrupted, retry this many times before giving up.
This value should be set quite high on FreeBSD because internal interrupts are sent to all threads. The number of seconds to wait for a block to be written to a connection before aborting the write.
This variable was used in MySQL 4. Its value is always OFF. This feature is experimental only, and not supported in production. Defines the n-gram token size for the n-gram full-text parser. The default value is 2 bigram. For more information about how to configure this variable, see Section Connected client users who do not have the SUPER privilege are disconnected on the next request, with an appropriate error. Disconnection includes terminating running statements and releasing locks.
Such clients also cannot initiate new connections, and receive an appropriate error. Connected client users who have the SUPER privilege are not disconnected, and can initiate new connections to manage the server. It is disabled by default, but can be enabled at startup to revert the server to behaviors present in older versions. When old is enabled, it changes the default scope of index hints to that used prior to MySQL 5.
Take care about enabling this in a replication setup. With statement-based binary logging, having different modes for the source and replicas might lead to replication errors. It reverts to using a temporary table, copying over the data, and then renaming the temporary table to the original, as used by MySQL 5. For additional information about authentication plugins and hashing formats, see Section 6. The number of file descriptors available to mysqld from the operating system:.
Internally, the maximum value for this variable is the maximum unsigned integer value, but the actual maximum is platform dependent. If the number of file descriptors requested during startup cannot be allocated, mysqld writes a warning to the error log. The operating system limit if that limit is positive but not Infinity. The server attempts to obtain the number of file descriptors using the maximum of those values. If that many descriptors cannot be obtained, the server attempts to obtain as many as the system permits.
The effective value is 0 on systems where MySQL cannot change the number of open files. On Unix, the value cannot be set greater than the value displayed by the ulimit -n command.
Controls the heuristics applied during query optimization to prune less-promising partial plans from the optimizer search space. A value of 0 disables heuristics so that the optimizer performs an exhaustive search.
A value of 1 causes the optimizer to prune plans based on the number of rows retrieved by intermediate plans. The maximum depth of search performed by the query optimizer. Values larger than the number of relations in a query result in better query plans, but take longer to generate an execution plan for a query. Values smaller than the number of relations in a query return an execution plan quicker, but the resulting plan may be far from being optimal.
If set to 0, the system automatically picks a reasonable value. The value of this variable is a set of flags, each of which has a value of on or off to indicate whether the corresponding optimizer behavior is enabled or disabled.
This variable has global and session values and can be changed at runtime. The global default can be set at server startup. For more information about the syntax of this variable and the optimizer behaviors that it controls, see Section 8. This variable controls optimizer tracing. This variable enables or disables selected optimizer tracing features.
The maximum number of optimizer traces to display. The maximum cumulative size of stored optimizer traces. The offset of optimizer traces to display. Performance Schema system variables are listed in Section These variables may be used to configure Performance Schema operation.
The maximum amount of memory available to the parser. The default value places no limit on memory available. The value can be reduced to protect against out-of-memory situations caused by parsing long or complex SQL statements. The path name of the file in which the server writes its process ID.
The server creates the file in the data directory unless an absolute path name is given to specify a different directory. If you specify this variable, you must specify a value. On Windows, this variable also affects the default error log file name. If the plugin directory is writable by the server, it may be possible for a user to write executable code to a file in the directory using SELECT This variable can be set with the --port option.
If set to 0 or OFF the default , statement profiling is disabled. The number of statements for which to maintain profiling information if profiling is enabled.
Setting the value to 0 effectively disables profiling. If the current client is a proxy for another user, this variable is the proxy user account name. Otherwise, this variable is NULL.
This system variable is for internal server use. If false, XA transactions remain attached to the handling session as long as that session is alive, during which time no other session can commit the transaction. The prepared transaction is only detached if the session disconnects or the server restarts.
The allocation size in bytes of memory blocks that are allocated for objects created during statement parsing and execution. If you have problems with memory fragmentation, it might help to increase this parameter. The block size for the byte number is Do not cache results that are larger than this number of bytes.
The default value is 1MB. The minimum size in bytes for blocks allocated by the query cache. The default value is 4KB. Tuning information for this variable is given in Section 8. The amount of memory allocated for caching query results. By default, the query cache is disabled.
The permissible values are multiples of ; other values are rounded down to the nearest multiple. The query cache needs a minimum size of about 40KB to allocate its structures. The exact size depends on system architecture. Set the query cache type.
Possible values are shown in the following table. Normally, when one client acquires a WRITE lock on a MyISAM table, other clients are not blocked from issuing statements that read from the table if the query results are present in the query cache. Setting this variable to 1 causes acquisition of a WRITE lock for a table to invalidate any queries in the query cache that refer to the table.
This forces other clients that attempt to access the table to wait while the lock is in effect. The size in bytes of the persistent buffer used for statement parsing and execution. This buffer is not freed between statements. You should be aware that doing this does not necessarily eliminate allocation completely; the server may still allocate memory in some situations, such as for operations relating to transactions, or to stored programs.
The purpose of these variables is to support replication of the RAND function. For statements that invoke RAND , the source passes two values to the replica, where they are used to seed the random number generator.
The size in bytes of blocks that are allocated when doing range optimization. The limit on memory consumption for the range optimizer. For internal use by mysqlbinlog. This mode is useful when replaying a row-based binary log on a server that causes conflicts with existing data.
Each thread that does a sequential scan for a MyISAM table allocates a buffer of this size in bytes for each table it scans. If you do many sequential scans, you might want to increase this value, which defaults to The value of this variable should be a multiple of 4KB. If it is set to a value that is not a multiple of 4KB, its value is rounded down to the nearest multiple of 4KB.
For more information about memory use during different operations, see Section 8. Updates performed by replication threads, if the server is a replica. The purpose of read-only mode is to prevent changes to table structure or contents. Analysis and optimization do not qualify as such changes.
This means, for example, that consistency checks on read-only replicas can be performed with mysqlcheck --all-databases --analyze. Inserts into the log tables mysql. The value can be set on a replica independent of the setting on the source.
The attempt blocks if there are active transactions that hold metadata locks, until those transactions end. When reading rows from a MyISAM table in sorted order following a key-sorting operation, the rows are read through this buffer to avoid disk seeks. However, this is a buffer allocated for each client, so you should not set the global variable to a large value. Instead, change the session variable only from within those clients that need to run large queries. For information about Multi-Range Read optimization, see Section 8.
Whether client connections to the server are required to use some form of secure transport. This capability supplements per-account SSL requirements, which take precedence. It is possible for a server to have no secure transports available. See also Configuring Encrypted Connections as Mandatory. If this variable is enabled, the server blocks connections by clients that attempt to use accounts that have passwords stored in the old pre Enable this variable to prevent all use of passwords employing the old format and hence insecure communication over the network.
It is always enabled and attempting to disable it produces an error. Server startup fails with an error if this variable is enabled and the privilege tables are in pre Passwords that use the pre For account upgrade instructions, see Section 6. These operations are permitted only to users who have the FILE privilege. If set to the name of a directory, the server limits import and export operations to work only with files in that directory. With the new update model, instead of updates being released as they became available, only two update packages were released on the second Tuesday of every month until Windows 7 reached its end of life - one package containing security and quality updates, and a smaller package that contained only the security updates.
Users could choose which package they wanted to install each month. Later in the month, another package would be released which was a preview of the next month's security and quality update rollup. Installing the preview rollup package released for Windows 7 on March 19, , or any later released rollup package, that makes Windows more reliable. The last non-extended security update rollup packages were released on January 14, , the last day that Windows 7 had extended support.
On January 14, , Windows 7 support ended with Microsoft no longer providing security updates or fixes after that date, [] except for subscribers of the Windows 7 Extended Security Updates ESU , who can continue to receive Windows 7 security updates through January 10, In a support document, Microsoft has stated that a full-screen upgrade warning notification would be displayed on Windows 7 PCs on all editions except the Enterprise edition after January 15, The notification does not appear on machines connected to Active Directory, machines in kiosk mode, or machines subscribed for Extended Security Updates.
Windows 7 received critical acclaim, with critics noting the increased usability and functionality when compared with its predecessor, Windows Vista. PC Magazine rated it a 4 out of 5 saying that Windows 7 is a "big improvement" over Windows Vista, with fewer compatibility problems, a retooled taskbar, simpler home networking and faster start-up.
No version of Windows is ever perfect, but Windows 7 really is the best release of Windows yet. Some Windows Vista Ultimate users have expressed concerns over Windows 7 pricing and upgrade options. The changes to User Account Control on Windows 7 were criticized for being potentially insecure, as an exploit was discovered allowing untrusted software to be launched with elevated privileges by exploiting a trusted component.
Peter Bright of Ars Technica argued that "the way that the Windows 7 UAC 'improvements' have been made completely exempts Microsoft's developers from having to do that work themselves.
With Windows 7, it's one rule for Redmond, another one for everyone else. In July , in only eight hours, pre-orders of Windows 7 at amazon. On March 4, , Microsoft announced that it had sold more than 90 million licenses.
As with other Microsoft operating systems, Windows 7 was studied by United States federal regulators who oversee the company's operations following the United States v.
Microsoft Corp. According to status reports filed, the three-member panel began assessing prototypes of the new operating system in February Michael Gartenberg , an analyst at Jupiter Research , said, "[Microsoft's] challenge for Windows 7 will be how can they continue to add features that consumers will want that also don't run afoul of regulators. In order to comply with European antitrust regulations, Microsoft proposed the use of a "ballot" screen containing download links to competing web browsers, thus removing the need for a version of Windows completely without Internet Explorer, as previously planned.
As with the previous version of Windows, an N version, which does not come with Windows Media Player , has been released in Europe, but only for sale directly from Microsoft sales websites and selected others.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Personal computer operating system by Microsoft released in Screenshot of Windows 7, showing its desktop , taskbar , Start menu and the glass effect of Windows Aero. Closed-source Source-available through Shared Source Initiative. Main article: Features new to Windows 7. Main article: List of features removed in Windows 7.
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